This is a short video on four extracellular bacteria that infect the lungs.
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ADDITIONAL TAGS:
Species
Replication Location
Membrane/Wall Stain
Epidemiology
Transmission
Pathogenesis/Immune Response/Pathology
Treatment/Vaccine
Haemophilus influenzae
Extracellular, obligate human pathogen (no environmental/animal reservoir)
Gram negative; polysaccharide capsule (typed A-F), coccobacillus
Only found in resp tract; sometimes commensal
Respiratory droplets (requires droplet precautions)
Causes pneumonia, meningitis (type B), epiglottitis (usually B), otitis media (common, nontypable)
Virulence factors include pili (attachment), lipooligosaccharide (like LPS), and polyribosyl phosphate (PRP, capsule material)
Conjugate vaccine - capsule polysach attached to tetanus protein toxoid, mostly for kids who can't respond to sugar Ag well
Bordetella pertussis
Extracellular, obligate human pathogen, obligate aerobe
Gram negative; coccobacillus
only found in resp tract
Highly communicable, respiratory droplets
Whooping cough
Week 1-2 - Incubation
Day 1-7 catarrhal phase with cold symptoms, easily isolated bug
Week 1-4 paroxysmal phase with whoop, worse cough, leukocytosis, harder bug detection
Convalescent recovery phase
Conjugate vaccine; used to be cellular (in DTP), now is acellular (DTaP) and less effective; virulence factors in acellular vaccine include pili, pertussis toxin (TCT), pertactin; vaccine prevents symptoms (due to host response), not colonization
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Extracellular, obligate human pathogen
Gram positive
Leading cause of community acquired pneumonia
Acute pneumonia; typical, lobar pneumonia, rusty (blood tinged) sputum
Biggest virulence factor is polysach capsule
Can also cause otitis media, sinus bronchitis, pericarditis, sepsis,
Used to treat with PCN, now requires broad-spectrum cephalosporin, and often vancomycin
Pneumovax 23 polyvalent capsular vaccine for adults
Prevnar 13 polyvalent capsular CONJUGATED vaccine for children
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Extracellular
No gram stain, no acid fast stain
Appears in outbreaks bc long incubation, low transmissibility
Respiratory droplets
Chronic pneumonia, long incubation, can persist as walking pneumonia for weeks
Attachment organelle varies antigenically, no known characteristic cytotoxins, secrete H2O2
Variety of antibiotics
Extracellular bacteria that infect the lung camera iphone 8 plus apk | |
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| Education | Upload TimePublished on 29 Jan 2016 |
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